When we experience a radioactive decay, or a nuclear fission or fusion reaction, the mass of what we started with is greater than the mass we wind up with the law of conservation of mass is invalid. For every 1 kilogram of mass you turn into energy, you get 9 × 10 16 joules of energy out, which is the equivalent of 21 Megatons of TNT. This is the second meaning of the equation, where E = mc 2 tells us exactly how much energy you get from converting mass. This creation-and-annihilation process, which obeys E = mc^2, is the only known way to create and destroy matter or antimatter. reaction (right), with matter/antimatter annihilating back to pure energy. The production of matter/antimatter pairs (left) from pure energy is a completely reversible.
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